Sauté Aromatics: In a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed pot, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion, carrots, and celery. Sauté for 8-10 minutes, or until the vegetables begin to soften. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for another 1-2 minutes until fragrant, being careful not to burn it. This step is crucial for building a deep flavor base for your Garlic Chicken Soup.
Cook Chicken: Add the chicken pieces to the pot. Season generously with salt and pepper. Cook for 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the chicken is lightly browned on all sides. It doesn't need to be fully cooked through at this stage, as it will continue to cook in the broth.
Simmer the Soup: Pour in the chicken broth, then add the dried thyme and bay leaf. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low, cover, and let it simmer for 20-25 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through and the vegetables are tender. If using pasta, add it during the last 8-10 minutes of simmering, or according to package directions.
Finish and Season: Remove the bay leaf. Stir in the chopped fresh parsley. Taste the Garlic Chicken Soup and adjust seasonings with additional salt and pepper as needed. For a brighter flavor, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice can be added at this stage, if desired.
Serve Warm: Ladle the hot Garlic Chicken Soup into bowls. Garnish with extra fresh parsley, if desired, and serve immediately. This comforting soup is perfect on its own or with a side of crusty bread.